Multiple cell carton



May 19, 1953 N.- A. PETT ER 2,639,079

MULTIPLE CELL CARTON Filed A ril 28, 1950 sheetsTsheet l x Ma 2 a /*0? 4 20 INVENTOR.

May 19, 1953 N. "A. PETTER 2,639,079

MULTIPLE CELL CARTON Filed April 28, 1950 23 A57 9 1 7: 4. /II

3 Sheets-Sheet 2 May 19 1953 N. A. PETTER 2,539,079

' MULTIPLE CELL CARTON Filed April 28. 1950 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 24 #054. a wwh Patented May 19, 1953 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 8 Claims.

This invention relates generally to collapsible cellular cartons of the general type commonly employed for packing eggs. Such cartons are now coming into use for the packaging. of many additional products such as apples, citrus fruit and the like, and the general purpose of the invention is the provision of an improved collapsible cellular carton adaptable to the packing of eggs, apples, citrus fruit and various such products.

The present invention may be regarded as dealing generally with improvements in the multiple cell collapsible egg carton disclosed in my original Patent Number 2,103,832, issued December 28, 1937. The carton disclosed in said patent has enjoyed considerable commercial success, but has some disadvantages, viz., intricate folding and gluing, and multiple gluing points necessitating complicated machinery for folding and gluing. Another disadvantage is the wastage of a certain percentage of sheet material by use of a double wall thickness at the front of the box.

An object of the present invention is accordingl the provision of an improved'carton of thetype indicated characterized by simplified folding and gluing procedures, very substantial reduction in the number of areas to which glue must be applied, and reduction in the amount of sheet material employed.

A further object and accomplishment of the invention is the provision ofan improved lid locking arrangement, and still another is the provision of a construction resulting in inwardly slanting side walls, providing for a cushioning effect between filled cartons stacked side by side, as well as improving stacking stability when a number of the cartons are stacked one upon another.

A further object is the provision ofa carton having substantial cut-out portions in. the lid for improvement in display of the contents, without detracting from the strength and stability of the carton, and also cut-away areas in the sides to facilitate display of the contents.

The various features of the invention will be best understood from the following detailed description of one present illustrative embodiment thereof, reference for this purposebeing had to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of the carton in its completed form, shown with the cover raised;

Figure 2 is a plan view of the carton, with the cover closed;

Figure 3 is a front elevational view of the carton, with the cover closed;

Figure 6 is a plan view of'the carton, with the cover raised and broken away;

Figure 7 is a detail section on line 1-4 of Figure 6;

Figure 8 isa detail section taken on line 8- of Figure 6;

Figure 9 is a detail section taken on line 99 of Figure 6;

Figure 10 is a detail section on line Iii-Ill of Figure 2;

Figure 11 is an'end elevation ofthe completed carton, in a collapsed or flat folded condition, suitable for packing or" shipping to the consumer; and

Figure 12 is a plan of the blank-employed in producing the carton;

In the drawings, the numeral l0 designates the completed carton, formed of suitable sheet material, usually cardboard, and the numeral [0a the cut and scored blank from which the carton is set up. The carton includes rectangular bottom I2, comprisedof inclined bottom panels l2a meeting at a ridge definedby medial longitudinal score or fold line [3, rearward rectangular'side' wall [4; and lid comprising rectangular top l5 and tuck or flap l6. As shown, the rearward edge of bottom l2 joins rearwardside wall I4 at fold line ll, andtop l5 joins side wall M at fold or hinge line l8, while the lid is scored along line [9 to divide the same into the top i5 and the folded" down tuck I 6.

The front side wall of the cartonis designated by numeral 20', being turned upwardly from an edge of bottom 12 along foldor score line 29a, and this front side wall is connected to amedial longitudinally extending double-walled partition 2| by integral strap-like transverse partition walls 22, while similar integral strap-like transverse partition walls 23- connect longitudinal partition 2|" with a wall-"member 2 lglued flat to the inside surface of rearward side wall M. The double-walled longitudinal partition 2| is comprised of two adjacent panels Zla, integrally joining one anotherat the bottom along fold line 26; and glued flat together. The'gluing' of wall member 24' to back wall It and the gluing of partition panels flato one another comprise all of the gluing operations required in the assembly of the box, and itwill' be" appreciated that the reduction of gluing to two points in the box represents a substantial savmg. The double walled longitudinal partition 3 2| is interlocked with bottom |2 along ridge line l3, as described in more particular hereinafter.

The integral transverse partition walls 22 and 23 are formed as may best be understood by reference to Figure 12. As there shown, the partition panel portions 2|a of the blank |Da are partially scored and partially severed along their outside longitudinal edge lines L, and the front side wall member 20 and transverse partitions 22 are formed from a single panel 30 between the score line 20a and the adjacent transverse line L, while the rear wall member 24 and corresponding transverse partitions 23 are formed from a single panel 3| between the outer or upper edge of the member 24 and the adjacent transverse line L. It will be seen that the blank lfla is of a uniform width excepting in the area of the transverse partitions 22 and 23 and the partition wall members 2 la, where the blank projects laterally at one edge, as at 32, and is correspondingly indented at the other edge, as at 33. The panels 30 and 3| are cut, scored and folded with mirror symmetry relative to one another, and a detailed description of the cutting, scoring and folding of the former will sufiice for both.

The transverse partitions 22 and front side wall 26 are formed from the panel 30 by making a plurality of parallel, generally diagonal or inclined slits 35 which extend from the line L approximately two-thirds of the distance to the score line 20a, and by making slits 36 which intersect the slits 35 at points on the line L and which extend along the line L from the points of intersection in generally the opposite direction from the slits 35. As shown, the slits 36 terminate short of the next intersection between a slit 35 and a slit 36, as at points 31, and in the illustrative embodiment, these points are nearly in vertical alinement with the ends of the inclined slits 35. This however is subject to variation, depending upon the proportions desired in the ultimate cells, as will become apparent hereinafter.

Considering the inclined slits 35 in more particular, it will be seen that these slits consist of a slit portion 35a of substantially 45 inclination, and a slit portion 35b which in this instance is of somewhat lesser inclination, so as to afford a greater ultimate length for the transverse partitions 22.

The illustrative carton is designed to have two rows of three cells each, and there are accordingly four of the transverse partitions 22, as well as four of the transverse partitions 23 on the other side of the partition 2|. Referring still to Figure 12, it will be seen that all of the partition walls 22 excepting the one at the right hand end are formed identically by means of the aforementioned slits, but that the right hand partition 22 is defined by an outside edge 40. This edge 40 joins the adjacent longitudinal edge 4| of the blank with the end edge 42 of the projection 32. The edge 40 is formed on an incline and is continued past the longitudinal edge 4| of the blank as a short slit 35 which is of the same incline as the corresponding end portions of the slits 35.

Vertical score lines 45 are formed across members 22, extending vertically upward from the end points 31 of the slits 36. Score lines 46, inclined from vertical in a general way, but preferably an exact vertical by a few degrees, typically about 8, are formed from the ends 41 of the slits 35 and 35 to the next adjacent slits 35. In the case of the left hand end score 46, as viewed in Figure 12, the score line simply meets the end of the edge portion 35a, there being no slit at that location.

This edge portion 35a is joined to the longitudinal edge 48 of the blank by edge portion 49, and at its other end joins an edge 50 extending along line L to the point 31, the edge 56 being continued as a slit between the bottom edge 52 of the indentation 33, and the point 3'1. The distance between the transverse score line 45 of the right hand transverse partition 22 and the end 42 of the projection 32, the distance between the score line 45 of the next adjacent partition 22 and a prolongation of the longitudinal edge 4| of the blank, the distance between the edge 52 of indentation 33 and the next adjacent score line 45, and the length of the edge 43 to the line of the longitudinal edge 48, are all made equal to one another.

As here shown the inclined score lines 46 intersect the vertical score lines 45 at the slits 35; this however is not essential, and the proportions of the individual cells may be modified by extending or shortening the slits 35, so that the score lines 46 and 45 will not so intersect, as will be better understood as the description proceeds. In setting up the box, the partition walls 22 and 23 are bent on the score lines 45 and 46 substantially at right angles to the planes of the remaining portions of the panels 30 and 3|, thus moving into parallelism with each other. A complete description of the folding of the box will however best be deferred until further structural features of the box have been described.

To provide for interlocking the double-walled longitudinal partition 2| to bottom wall |2 along ridge line l3, the bottom wall is formed along line l3 with a plurality of spaced apertures 60, here three in number, and with two end notches 6| and 62. These apertures are preferably formed as best illustrated in Figure 12, having converging end portions as shown. The double-walled longitudinal partition is formed with a plurality of tongues or hooks 64 (see Figure 7) receivable or engageable in the apertures 60 and in the end notch 62. These hooks 64 are formed by means of slots 66 cut into the lower edge of the partitions 2| (Figure 7) Referring to the blank (Figure 12) the slots or apertures 66 are formed at their outside edges with longitudinal notches 61, and the projecting material between said notches 61 is formed with a V-notch 68, centered on score line 26, so as to form the underside of the toe of the completed hook element 64 with an inclined contour. Opposite the deepest point of the V- notches 68, and also centered on score line 26, the slots 66 are formed with V-notches 69, thus forming the heel of each hook element 64 with an inclined contour, all as clearly shown in Figures 7 and 12. As a result of these formations, converging throats are provided between hook members, leading to the notches 61 which extend back from the toe portions of the hook members.

When the carton has been folded into its finished form, as presently to be described in more detail, the two ends of the longitudinal partition panels 2 la, folded and glued to one another, present a plurality of the hooks 64 which are properly spaced for reception inside the apertures 60, the length of each hook, from toe to heel, being such as to be just nicely receivable within the length of the corresponding aperture 60. The left hand hook goes into the open ended notch 62.

Preferably, the hook at one end, here the right hand of the box as viewed in the drawings, is provided with an additional interlocking feature. The slot 66a which forms this particular hook is made somewhat shorter than the slots 66 for the other hooks, and its back edge 80' is slotted through at the center to theend edge 42* of the blank, as at 8|, leaving stub-like. projections or spurs 82' which when the box is set up perform a locking function as shown in Figure 7. The distance from the inner edge 80 of this projection to the point or forward endof the notch 6? is made substantially. equal to or just less than the distance from the end of notch 61 to the end of the adjacent notch 80.

In engaging the hook members with the notches in bottom wall 12,. the partition 2| is so moved as to aline the severalhooks'withthe notches 60, and the hooks are then inserted therethrough. The projection 82* will at this time engage the'box bottom at a point between. the notch 61 and the adjacent notch 60, and it is accordingly necessary to bendthev box bottom up slightly between this point of engagement and the notch 60, thereby permitting the end hook to be moved entirely inside its notch 66. The partition 21 is then moved bodily toward the right with respect to the box bottom, causing all of the hooks to engage under the box bottom to the right of the several notches 60, and the projection 82 finally drops inside the notch 55, effecting a final lock between the'partition 2i and the bottom which cannot become released excepting by bending or tearing the material of the box.

The hinge lines 86 areas previously mentioned, preferably disposed at small acute angles to an exact vertical, typically at about 8 This inclination means that progressively more material has been folded from the sidewall into the 'ransverse partitions 22 from the bottom to the top edges of said partitions along the said hinge lines 46, with the result thatthe horizontal dimension of a given transverse partition 22 from the upper end of the hinge line 46 to the longitudinal partition 21 will be greater than the horizontal dimension from the lower end of the hinge line 46 to partition 2|. Thus by reason of this inclined fold 46, the side walls-of thebox are supported in inclined positions by the integralv transverse partitions. =However, While this inclined side wall is regarded as one of theprimary features of the invention, it is to be understood that. it may not be essential in all cases, and where not required, it may be disregarded. In any'such' case, of course, the score lines 46 will still be generally vertical, and may either retain. a slight. inclination, or else approach or reach a. true vertical. Again, it is possible to achieve inclined sidewalls by inclining hinge lines 45,. and this may be in addition to the inclined hinge lines 463, or in lieu thereof. In any case thefi-nal result will be that the hinge lines 45- and will be non:- parallel, and ordinarily converging toward one another ina downward direction.

A further novel feature of the invention is the means for locking the lid flap in closed position. The lid flap is formed with a plurality of hooks: 80, 9! and 92 adapted to be received between the partition walls 22, just inside the front wall. 20. The hooks have slightly inclined forward edges 9-3 parallel to and adapted to lie against the: slightly inclined partition walls 22' adjacent the front wall 20, and are formed at the? bottom of: edges 93; with projections 94; adapted to engage under the partitions. (see Figure 3). Below the: projection 94; the hook; slopes backwardlyon anincline, as' at 95,,to a horizontalbottom.edge. The two. hooks, 9.0 and 9.1- haveginclinedrearward 6. the adj aeent" books so to form an acute angle of notch whose apex 98 'is' immediately over and in engagement with the partition wall 2 2" when .the lid' is locked closed: The right hand endi hook 92.. has a re'arward edge 99Iparallel' to [and adaptedto engage the right handpartition' 22 and'joins a=short horizontal edge I00 which overlies and engages the top-of said partition 22. The forward edge-9-3 of left hand hook 90 joins at the-top a short downward-projection I0 I, so as to form a' notch IM engaging' the topedge of the-left hand partition 2 2.

In closingthe bo'x, the hook projectionsMride" down the partitions 22', andthe latter as well as: the hook members bend slightly until the pro-- jections 94 ride oil and then engage under the partitibns ZZ, whereupon, by reason of resiliency, theparts straighten toeifectthelidlock. At the sametime the-nOtch'esQB-and I02, and the-short edge [00; engage: the top edges of the partitions 22, the bottom edges- 96" of the hooks engage the bottom of thebox, and the lid is thus adequately supported and'a strong structure provided.

As an optional feature, the lid is shown with a plurality of large apertures H0, one extending across each transverse pair of cells, to enable inspection of the contents without the necessity of lifting the'lid. Preferably-g these apertures are formed over the central longitudinal partition withtongues or projections Ill which aline with the" bottomhooks 611 at the bottoms of the longitudinal partitionll. The'flat bottoms of these hooks 64 are level with the bottom of the box and form means by which the box is supported along its longitudinal medial region when rested on a horizontal surface. When a number oftheboxes are stacked vertically on one another, the hooks 8: 3 of a box resting on another will engage the lid projections H l of the box below it, and thus assure transference of weight directly through said projections tothe immediately underlying central partition 2|. Of course, if the apertures H0 are notused, weight transference will again be fromthe: hook members 64 of a box. abovethrough the'top wall ofthe box below and thence to the partition 21 of the latter. Weight transference of course also takes place in either case from the lower outer edges of the box bottom to the surface. on which the box rests, and if that surface is the top of another box, this. weight is assumed largely by theside walls of the latter.

The box is folded-from the: blankshown in Figum 12 as follows: Preliminarily, glue is appliedv to the surface of wall member 24 which is to engagethe inside surface of rearward side wall M (being the under'surface as viewed in Figure. 12), and glue isalso applied to one of the engaging faces of the two panels of thedouble walled longitudinal partition 2 The blank is then folded over flat on the score line L, and a fiat fold in the reverse direction is then made on scoreline 26,.soas to bringthe central partition panels Zlaback to back. in: which position they are glued. to one another to form the double wall. partitioni'l. The. panel 3| is then folded over on. score line L against the partitionil; and a foldis then made on. score line l3,.the last fold. resulting; in rearward side wall l4 being pressed.

against the glued surface of attachment wall I member 24, now face up, andithese parts are thus gluedtogether. The box is thenin the fiat condition shown Figure 11-, inwhich condition it is. packed: and shipped. to-=,the. consumer. The

edges. rising; to meet f rward edges 9 3 of. consumer sets up the-bom-by first shoving inwards- 1y on the edge E, so as to open out the bottom panels [2a, after which the longitudinal partition 2| is moved in a longitudinal direction, bending the transverse partitions on the vertical and inclined hinge lines 45 and 46 until they are substantially at right angles to the partition 2 I. It will be evident that this bending leaves triangular connecting portions 22a lying flat against the longitudinal partition, integrally connected along the vertical hinge lines 45 to the transverse partitions, and integrally connected along horizontal lines to the top edges of the two panels of the longitudinal partition. The bottom panels are then pressed upwardly to form the bottom ridge, and the partition hook engaged with the apertures in the bottom as already described.

It will thus be seen that I have provided an improved multiple cell box, consuming a lesser amount of sheet material, and having substantially fewer gluing points. The box is consequently much easier and cheaper to manufacture. The improved box also has the previously mentioned advantage of naturally inclined side walls, an improved lid locking arrangement, and various other features of advantage as set forth hereinabove. The box assumes a convenient flat folded position for shipping purposes, as shown in Figure 11.

It will be understood that the illustrated box is but one present exemplification of my invention, and that various changes in design, structure and arrangement may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A multiple cell carton comprising: a bottom wall, a rearward side wall integrally joined with and turned upwardly from one edge of said bottom wall, a single-ply front side wall integrally joined with and turned upwardly from the other edge of said bottom wall, two parallel sets of transverse partitions overlying said bottom wall, the outer ends of the partitions of one of said sets integrally joined with the upper portion of said single-ply front side wall along generally vertically disposed hinge lines, an attachment panel joined to the inside surface of said rearward side wall, and the outer ends of the partitions of the other of said parallel sets integrally joined with said attachment panel along generally vertically disposed hinge lines, a central longitudinal partition between said parallel sets of transverse partitions comprising two adjacent partition panels joined back to back and formed integrally with one another along their lower edges, and the inner ends of said transverse partitions being integrally joined to the upper edge portions of the adjacent longitudinal partition panels.

2. A multiple cell carton comprising; a bottom wall, a rearward slightly outwardly inclined side wall integrally joined with and turned upwardly from one edge of said bottom wall, a single-ply slightly outwardly inclined front side wall integrally joined with, and turned upwardly from the other edge of said bottom wall, two parallel sets of transverse partitions overlying said bottom wall, the outer ends of the partitions of one of said sets integrally joined with the upper portion of said single-ply front side wall along hinge lines inclined from exact vertical, an attachment panel joined to the inside surface of said rearward side wall, and the outer ends of the partitions of the other of said parallel sets integrally joined with said attachment panel along hinge lines dinal partition between said parallel sets of transverse partitions comprising two adjacent partition panels joined back to back and formed integrally with one another along their lower edges, and the inner ends of said transverse partitions being integrally joined to the upper edge portions of the adjacent longitudinal partition panels.

3. A multiple cell carton comprising: a bottom wall, a rearward side wall integrally joined with and turned upwardly from one edge of said bottom wall, a single-ply front side wall integrally joined with and turned upwardly from the other edge of said bottom wall, an attachment panel joined to the inside surface of said rearward side wall, the upper portions of said front side wall and said attachment panel having similar and alined saw-tooth outlines each comprising a series of upper edges at substantial inclination to vertical joined by a series of edges of generally vertical disposition, two parallel sets of transverse partition walls integrally joined at their outer ends to said last mentioned edges, a central longitudinal partition between said parallel sets of transverse partitions comprising two adjacent partition panels joined back to back and formed integral with one another along their lower edges, and connecting members integrally joining the inner ends of said transverse partitions to the upper edges of the adjacent longitudinal partition panels.

4. A multiple cell carton comprising: a bottom wall, a slightly outwardly inclined rearward side wall integrally joined with and turned upwardly from one edge of said bottom wall, a, slightly outwardly inclined single-ply front side wall integrally joined with and turned upwardly from the other edge of said bottom wall, an attachment panel joined to the inside surface of said rearward side wall, the upper portions of said front side wall and said attachment panel having similar and alined saw-tooth outlines each comprising a series of upper edges at substantial inclination to vertical joined by a series of edges of small inclination to vertical, two parallel sets of tra verse partition walls integrally joined at their outer ends to said last mentioned edges, a central longitudinal partition between said parallel sets of transverse partitions comprising two adjacent partition panels joined back to back and formed integrally with one another along their lower edges, and connecting members integrally joining'the inner ends of said transverse partitions to the upper edges of the adjacent longitudinal partition panels.

5. A multiple cell carbon comprising: a bottom wall, a rearward side wall integrally joined with and turned upwardly from one edge of said bottom wall, a single-ply front side wall integrally joined with and turned upwardly from the other edge of said bottom wall, an attachment panel joined to the inside surface of said rearward side wall, the upper portions of said front side wall and said attachment panel having similar and alined saw-tooth outlines each comprising a series of upper edges at substantial inclination to vertical joined by a series of edges of generally vertical disposition, two parallel sets of transverse partition walls integrally joined at their outer ends to said last mentioned edges, a central longitudinal partition between said parallel sets of transverse partitions comprising two adjacent partition panels joined back to back and formed integrally with one another along their lower edges, connecting members integrally joining the inclined from exact vertical, a central longituinner ends of said transverse partitions to the upper edges of the adjacent longitudinal partition panels, a cover integrally joined to the upper edge of said rearward side wall, and a flap at the forward edge of said cover formed with a series of hook members adapted to engage under the transverse partitions adjacent said forward side wall.

6. A multiple cell carton comprising: a bottom wall, a slightly outwardly inclined rearward side wall integrally joined with and turned upwardly from one edge of said bottom wall, a slightly outwardly inclined single-ply front side wall integrally joined with and turned upwardly from the other edge of said bottom wall, an attachment panel joined to the inside surface of said rearward side wall, the upper portions of said front side wall and said attachment panel having similar and alined saw-tooth outlines each comprising a series of upper edges at substantial inclination to vertical joined by a series of edges of small inclination to vertical, two parallel sets of transverse partition walls integrally joined at their outer ends to said last mentioned edges, a central longitudinal partition between said parallel sets of transverse partitions comprising two adjacent partition panels joined back to back and formed integrally with one another along their lower edges, connecting members integrally joining the inner ends of said transverse partitions to the upper edges of the adjacent longitudinal partition panels, a cover integrally joined to the upper edge of said rearward side wall, and a flap at the forward edge of said cover formed with a series of hook members adapted to engage under the transverse partitions adjacent said forward side wall.

7. A multiple cell carton comprising: a bottom wall consisting of two inclined panels integrally joined to form a centrally located longitudinal ridge, a rearward side wall integrally joined with and turned upwardly from one edge of said bottom wall, a single-ply front side wall integrally joined with and turned upwardly from the other edge of said bottom wall, an attachment panel joined to the inside surface of said rearward side wall, the upper portions of said front side wall and said attachment panel having similar and alined saw-tooth outlines each comprising a series of upper edges at substantial inclination to vertical joined by a series of edges of generally vertical disposition, two parallel sets of transverse partition walls integrally joined at their outer ends to said last mentioned edges, a central longitudinal partition between said parallel sets of transverse partitions comprising two adjacent partition panels joined back to back and formed integrally with one another along their lower edges, connecting members integrally joining the inner ends of said transverse partitions to the upper edges of the adjacent longitudinal partition panels, said longitudinal partition being alined with said longitudinal ridge of said bottom wall, said ridge having spaced openings therein and the lower edge of said longitudinal partition having hooks for engaging in said openings to maintain the ridge in its elevated position and hold the transverse partition walls in fixed positions, the bottoms of said hooks being co-planar with the lower edges of the carton formed at the junctures of the inclined bottom panels with the side walls of the carton to form supporting feet for the carton under said longitudinal partition, a cover integrally joined to the upper edge of said rearward side wall, out-out openings in said cover over the cells formed by said side walls and said longitudinal and transverse partitions, with portions of said cover retained over said longitudinal partition in vertical alinement with the supporting feet formed by said longitudinal partition hooks.

8. A blank for forming a multiple cell carton having a substantially rectangular portion with parallel score lines dividing the same into contiguous panels consisting of a bottom panel, a rearward side panel adjacent one edge of said bottom panel, a top panel adjacent to said side panel, and a side flap panel adjacent to said cover panel, and a blank portion connected to the other edge of said bottom panel at a score line and consisting of four immediately contiguous panels parallel to th first named panels and separated by three parallel score lines, the two inside members of said four contiguous panels and portions of the two outside members of said four panels adjacent to said inside members being laterally oiTset with reference to the remainder of the blank, the laterally ofiset portions of said two outside panel members being formed with a plurality of substantially parallel slits therein extending in a general inclined direction, and forming a plurality of strips adapted to provide transverse partitions, score lines on said strips near the end portions thereof extending in directions approximately at right angles to the panels, said two outside panels forming the front side Wall of the carton, an attachment strip to be attached to the rearward side of the carton, and two parallel sets of transverse partitions, and said two inside panels forming a double thickness longitudinal partition wall between and integrally connected to the adjacent ends of the transverse partitions.

NOEL A. PE'I'IER.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,776,844 Sugarman Sept. 30; 1930 2,103,382 Petter Dec. 28, 1937 

